Where Have All the Stars Gone? – What Can We Do About Light Pollution?
While we’re all going green and trying to prevent ground, air and water pollution there’s one type of pollution we don’t often think about: light pollution. This really hit home two summers ago when I was camping about an hour northwest of where I live. Tonight, go outside and look up. What do you see? If it’s cloudy you won’t see much. And if you’re near an urban center, you probably won’t see much either. That pale haze is called Urban Sky Glow, and it’s caused by misdirected light from buildings and street lights.
We are located about 30 minutes from a small city with a population of just over 100,000. The lights from this small city are enough to obscure many of the night stars from the sky. Drive an hour west or north and suddenly you’ll see the sky filled with stars. The Milky Way, which truly appears as a milky band where I live, is a ribbon of faint, but discernable stars. According to Night Skies Awareness two out of five Americans and one out of six Europeans have not seen 90% of the stars.
Probably the first question is; does it matter? Do we derive any direct benefit from seeing the night sky? I suppose you could go your whole life and never see one star and still be a happy, normal, healthy person. So is there a benefit? Yes there is, and it isn’t just a matter of being able to star gaze. Light pollution affects our health and health of leafed, feathered and furred things that we share our environment with.
Animals in migration, especially birds can be confused by the unnatural light patterns of buildings. In Toronto, FLAP is an organization dedicated to reducing the number of bird deaths caused by migrating flocks colliding with buildings. Birds are attracted to the bright lights and FLAP estimates more birds are killed in building collisions than in oil spills each year. Birds, plants, even sea turtles are affected by light pollution. According to Starry Night Lights www.starrynightlights.com) some species will stop reproducing if their habit becomes too brightly lit.
Even humans require darkness to produce melatonin, a hormone that may help prevent certain cancers. Melatonin production also affects our sleeping patterns and immune systems. So that stray light leaking behind your blinds from the streetlight might be jeopardizing your health.
Light pollution also represents wasted energy. Misdirected light isn’t helping anyone see well. It costs money and requires precious resources to produce energy for lighting. Dark Skies Awareness claims that misdirected lighting is costing billions of dollars and causes 38 million tons of carbon dioxide to be released into atmosphere every year.
And does increased lighting in our towns and cities deter crime. There are no studies to support the idea.
So what do we do?
* Go without. It takes about 20 minutes for your eyes to adjust to darkness after having been in the light. You may be surprised how well you can see without light.
* Turn off unnecessary lighting. That may mean running fancy garden lights only when you are there to enjoy them.
* Use motion sensors or timers on outdoor lighting.
* Choose lighting that directs the light to where it’s needed. Hoods and shades should direct light onto the ground or work surface. Light that escapes upwards or sideways is wasted energy.
* Use only the intensity of light you really require.
Earth Hour 2009 is on March 28 at 8:30 PM. For one hour, lights will be turned off around the world. ( http://www.earthhour.org/) You can also participate in the GLOBE at Night project and measure the brightness of stars in your backyard. Check out the GLOBE at Night Homepage. http://www.globe.gov/GaN/. Join in and save energy and enjoy the stars.
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